Letošnji rojstni dan najbolj znanega Pirančana Giuseppeja Tartinija, ki ga obeležujemo 8. aprila, je bil znova poseben in pomemben, saj so ga v Piranu proslavili tako, da so glas o svojem someščanu s pomočjo televizijskih kamer ponesli v vse slovenske domove, vrhunec praznovanja pa je bil večerni koncert Beneškega baročnega orkestra, ob katerem se je piranski publiki predstavila tudi francoska virtuozinja armenskih korenin Chouchane Siranossian.
Ob 330. obletnici Tartinijevega rojstva, zaradi katere je slovenska vlada leto 2022 razglasila za Tartinijevo leto, so se v Pomorskem muzeju Sergej Mašera odločili za neobičajno publikacijo, s katero v javnost pošiljajo pomemben historični dokument, ki ga hranijo v mestnem arhivu in ki je po besedah kustosinje Duške Žitko enako, če ne še bolj pomemben kot njegova violina. Gre za avtoriziran prepis pisma, ki ga je Giuseppe Tartini, takrat že v poznih letih, napisal svoji učenki, komaj štirinajstletni Maddaleni Lauri Lombardini.
Tartinijeva zbirka pisem, ki velja, kot je poudarila Žitko, za eno največjih korespondenc glasbenikov 18. stoletja, je sicer v kar dveh delih izšla že v projektu pred dvema letoma, s katerim so obeležili 250. obletnico njegove smrti, a so želeli z novo publikacijo še posebej izpostaviti pismo, ki ga poznajo po vsem svetu, ter pismo, s katerim dobimo vpogled v Tartinijev način poučevanja.
O njegovem pomenu priča tudi dejstvo, da so ga prvič objavili že v letu violinistove smrti v beneški reviji L’Europa letteraria, da je bilo že leto kasneje prevedeno v angleščino, leta 1773 v francoščino in leta 1784 v nemščino. V 20. stoletju je pismo pritegnilo tudi profesorja in violinista v naši soseščini, Slobodana Žmikiča, in leta 1996 je izšlo še v hrvaščini.
‘Ko sem se začela ukvarjati s Tartinijevo dediščino, sem ugotovila, da čeprav ves svet pozna prevode našega piranskega pisma, ga mi še nimamo, zato smo se odločili, da ga izdamo,’ je dejala Duška Žitko.
Slovenski prevod je nastal izpod prstov priznanega prevajalca Ravela Kodriča, bratranca Črtomirja Šiškoviča, ki se prav tako že leta posveča promociji Tartinijeve glasbe, in je po besedah kustosinje v celoti posvečeno didaktični lekciji maestrovi učenki.
Tartini je svojo šolo odprl v Padovi in v njej poučeval vse do pozne starosti. Po besedah padovanskega muzikologa Sergia Duranteja je v času štiridesetih let pod svoje okrilje vzel na desetine učencev – po njegovem izračunu približno 150 – mnogi med njimi so postali znani violinisti in/ali skladatelji. Kot pričajo nekatera ohranjena pisma, so učenci večinoma prišli na priporočilo italijanskih in tujih aristokratov, bolj poredko je kdo prišel na lastno pobudo. Tartinijev odnos s študenti, kot je zapisal Durante v svoji knjigi, je pogosto prerasel v prijateljstvo ali očetovsko zaščito, kar je mogoče razbrati tudi iz biografije enega najbolj znanih učencev priljubljenega učitelja, Johanna Gottlieba Naumanna, ki je po študiju v Padovi začel uspešno kariero kot operni pevec. V ohranjenih pismih je veliko takih, v katerih si dopisuje z učenci in tako ves čas skrbi zanje.
Piransko pismo je bilo prvo, ki ga je poslal nadebudni učenki, ki se je z violino ukvarjala od svojega osmega leta in pri štirinajstih že kazala velik talent. Sicer iz bogate družine, je Maddalena Laura Lombardini osirotela in pristala v beneškem samostanu, zato jo je Tartini poučeval na daljavo.
Da bi si lažje predstavljali, kaj je štirinajstletnici napisal gospod v poznih letih, torej na vrhuncu svojih spoznanj o svetu in predvsem igranju violine, je Duška Žitko na predstavitvi publikacije Giuseppe Tartini & Maddalena Laura Lombardini, Pismo/La lettera/The Letter/La lettre/Der Brief v Tartinijevi hiši pismo prebrala, profesor in violinist Zdravko Pleše pa je napotke predstavil praktično, na violini. Kot je dejal, je Tartini svoji učenki podal čisto osnovne napotke o igranju violine.
‘Tu ni nagrajevanja tehnike, z dopolnitvami, ki jih je imel v svoji glavi, od trilčka do pasaž, do različnih okraskov, kar je zelo značilno zanj, za razliko od nekaterih njegovih sodobnikov. To je čista osnova, kako se približat igranju violine, kako sploh začeti,’ je dejal.
Pismo, ki je podnaslovljeno kot lekcija rokovanja z lokom, je nastalo v Padovi, 5. marca 1760, in je prvo v sklopu njunega dopisovanja, a edino ohranjeno. Na predstavitvi publikacije, ki je izšla v kar šestih jezikih, je Duška Žitko spregovorila tudi o Maddaleni Lauri Lombardini, ki je kasneje le prišla do svojega učitelja in svoje igranje nadgrajevala v Padovi, nato pa se poročila z violinistom Ludovicom Sirmenom, a sama kljub skupnim nastopom požela veliko več uspeha.
Kot je dejal Kristjan Knez iz Skupnosti Italijanov Piran, ki je gostilo predstavitev pomembne publikacije, bo z njo pismo preseglo strokovne kroge in doseglo vse, ki se želijo podrobneje spoznati s Tartinijem kot učiteljem.
Besedilo in foto: Nataša Fajon
We firmly believe that the internet should be available and accessible to anyone, and are committed to providing a website that is accessible to the widest possible audience, regardless of circumstance and ability.
To fulfill this, we aim to adhere as strictly as possible to the World Wide Web Consortium’s (W3C) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1 (WCAG 2.1) at the AA level. These guidelines explain how to make web content accessible to people with a wide array of disabilities. Complying with those guidelines helps us ensure that the website is accessible to all people: blind people, people with motor impairments, visual impairment, cognitive disabilities, and more.
This website utilizes various technologies that are meant to make it as accessible as possible at all times. We utilize an accessibility interface that allows persons with specific disabilities to adjust the website’s UI (user interface) and design it to their personal needs.
Additionally, the website utilizes an AI-based application that runs in the background and optimizes its accessibility level constantly. This application remediates the website’s HTML, adapts Its functionality and behavior for screen-readers used by the blind users, and for keyboard functions used by individuals with motor impairments.
If you’ve found a malfunction or have ideas for improvement, we’ll be happy to hear from you. You can reach out to the website’s operators by using the following email
Our website implements the ARIA attributes (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) technique, alongside various different behavioral changes, to ensure blind users visiting with screen-readers are able to read, comprehend, and enjoy the website’s functions. As soon as a user with a screen-reader enters your site, they immediately receive a prompt to enter the Screen-Reader Profile so they can browse and operate your site effectively. Here’s how our website covers some of the most important screen-reader requirements, alongside console screenshots of code examples:
Screen-reader optimization: we run a background process that learns the website’s components from top to bottom, to ensure ongoing compliance even when updating the website. In this process, we provide screen-readers with meaningful data using the ARIA set of attributes. For example, we provide accurate form labels; descriptions for actionable icons (social media icons, search icons, cart icons, etc.); validation guidance for form inputs; element roles such as buttons, menus, modal dialogues (popups), and others. Additionally, the background process scans all of the website’s images and provides an accurate and meaningful image-object-recognition-based description as an ALT (alternate text) tag for images that are not described. It will also extract texts that are embedded within the image, using an OCR (optical character recognition) technology. To turn on screen-reader adjustments at any time, users need only to press the Alt+1 keyboard combination. Screen-reader users also get automatic announcements to turn the Screen-reader mode on as soon as they enter the website.
These adjustments are compatible with all popular screen readers, including JAWS and NVDA.
Keyboard navigation optimization: The background process also adjusts the website’s HTML, and adds various behaviors using JavaScript code to make the website operable by the keyboard. This includes the ability to navigate the website using the Tab and Shift+Tab keys, operate dropdowns with the arrow keys, close them with Esc, trigger buttons and links using the Enter key, navigate between radio and checkbox elements using the arrow keys, and fill them in with the Spacebar or Enter key.Additionally, keyboard users will find quick-navigation and content-skip menus, available at any time by clicking Alt+1, or as the first elements of the site while navigating with the keyboard. The background process also handles triggered popups by moving the keyboard focus towards them as soon as they appear, and not allow the focus drift outside of it.
Users can also use shortcuts such as “M” (menus), “H” (headings), “F” (forms), “B” (buttons), and “G” (graphics) to jump to specific elements.
We aim to support the widest array of browsers and assistive technologies as possible, so our users can choose the best fitting tools for them, with as few limitations as possible. Therefore, we have worked very hard to be able to support all major systems that comprise over 95% of the user market share including Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, Opera and Microsoft Edge, JAWS and NVDA (screen readers), both for Windows and for MAC users.
Despite our very best efforts to allow anybody to adjust the website to their needs, there may still be pages or sections that are not fully accessible, are in the process of becoming accessible, or are lacking an adequate technological solution to make them accessible. Still, we are continually improving our accessibility, adding, updating and improving its options and features, and developing and adopting new technologies. All this is meant to reach the optimal level of accessibility, following technological advancements. For any assistance, please reach out to